Questions for examination (syndromes)
1. Main and adventitious respiratory sounds.
2. The syndrome of bronchial obstruction. Causes. The main symptoms, collected
by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
3. Syndromes in bronchial asthma. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by
interview, palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation. Paraclinical
investigations.
4. The syndrome of lung tissue’s consolidation. Causes. The main symptoms,
collected by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
5. The syndrome of bronchopneumonia. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by
palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
6. Lobar pneumonia. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by interview,
palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation. Paraclinical investigations.
7. Pleural syndromes: dry pleurisy. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by
palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
8. Pleural syndromes: pleurisy with effusion. Causes. The main symptoms,
collected by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
9. Pneumothorax syndrome. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by palpation,
percussion and lung’s auscultation.
10.Hydrothorax syndrome. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by palpation,
percussion and lung’s auscultation.
11.Hydropneumothorax syndrome. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by
palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
12.The syndrome of cavity in the lung. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by
palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
13.The syndrome of alveolar distension (emphysema of the lungs). Causes. The
main symptoms, collected by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
14.The syndrome of pulmonary athelectasis. Athelectasis by obstruction. Causes.
The main symptoms, collected by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
15.The syndrome of pulmonary athelectasis. Athelectasis by compression. Causes.
The main symptoms, collected by palpation, percussion and lung’s auscultation.
16.Mitral regurgitation. Causes, clinical picture, compensatory haemodynamics.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
17.Mitral stenosis. Causes, clinical picture, compensatory haemodynamics.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
18.Aortic regurgitation. Causes, clinical picture, compensatory haemodynamics.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
19.Aortic stenosis. Causes, clinical picture, compensatory haemodynamics.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
20.The syndrome of arterial hypertension. Definition. Essential and secondary
hypertension. Causes, clinical picture. Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the
heart region.
21.The syndrome of coronary insufficiency. Coronary heart disease: angina
pectoris. Complaints. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory investigation.
22.The syndrome of coronary insufficiency. Coronary heart disease: myocardial
infarction. Complaints. Clinical investigation, instrumental and laboratory tests.
23.The syndromes in diseases of myocardium, endocardium, pericardium. Causes,
clinical picture. Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
24.The syndrome of chronic Left ventricular heart failure. Causes, clinical picture.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
25.The syndrome of acute Left ventricular heart failure. Clinical types. Causes,
clinical picture. Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
26.The syndrome of chronic Right ventricular heart failure. Causes, clinical picture.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
27.The syndrome of acute Right ventricular heart failure. Causes, clinical picture.
Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
28.Cardiac arrhythmias. Automatism disturbances: sinusal tachycardia, sinusal
bradycardia, sinusal arrhythmias. ECG-picture.
29.Cardiac arrhythmias. Extrasystolias. Clinical and ECG-picture.
30.Cardiac arrhythmias. Paroxysmal tachycardia. Clinical and ECG-picture.
31.Cardiac arrhythmias. Atrio-ventricle blocks. Clinical and ECG-picture.
32.The syndrome of coronary insufficiency. Coronary heart disease: myocardial infarction. Complaints. Clinical signs, instrumental and laboratory tests. ECG-picture.
33.Hepatic cirrhosis: clinical picture, paraclinical investigation
34.Chronic hepatitis. Clinical picture. Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
35. Mechanical jaundice, clinical signs.
36. Hemolytic jaundice, clinical signs.
37. Parenchyma jaundice, clinical signs.
38.Syndrome of portal hypertension, clinical signs. Instrumental and laboratory
investigation.
39. Ascitis, clinical signs. Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
40. Gastric and duodenum ulcer. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental and
laboratory investigation.
41.Clinical symptoms in diffuse thyrotoxicosis. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
42. Clinical symptoms in Myxedema. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental and
laboratory investigation.
43.Clinical symptoms in Diabetes mellitus. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental
and laboratory investigation.
44.Syndrome of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
45.Syndrome of acute myelogenous leukemia. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
46.Syndrome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
47.Syndrome of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
48.Anemia’s syndromes. Classification. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental
and laboratory investigation.
49.Nephrotic syndrome. Kidney amyliodosis. Etiology. Clinical picture.
Instrumental and laboratory investigation.
50.Pyelonephritic syndrome. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental and laboratory
investigation.
51.Glomerulonephritic syndrome. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental and
laboratory investigation.
*ECG signs of:
- extrasistoles,
- paroxysmal tahicardias,
- atrial fibrilation,
- atrial flutter,
- ventricular flutter and fibrilation,
- sino-atrial blocks,
- atrio-ventricular blocks;
- LBBB
- RBBB
- Hypertrophy of the LA
- Hypertrophy of the RA
- Hypertrophy of the LV
- Hypertrophy of the RV
- Ischemia of miocard (angina pectoris)
- Myocardial infarction
*Example:
1.The syndrome of bronchopneumonia. Causes. The main symptoms, collected by palpation,
percussion and lung’s auscultation.
2.The syndrome of arterial hypertension. Definition. Essential and secondary hypertension.
Causes, clinical picture. Palpation, percussion, auscultation of the heart region.
3.Clinical symptoms in Diabetes mellitus. Etiology. Clinical picture. Instrumental and
laboratory investigation
4.Describe ECG in atrial fibrillation.
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